The bustle or dress improver experienced two waves of popularity in the 19th century; the first bustle period ranged from the end of the 1860s into the 1870s and the second took place ten years later in the 1880s. The steel cage of the bustle was an understructure, worn beneath the dress, to create volume and support the ruffles, bows and layers of fabric placed at the back of the fashionable 19th-century costume. Jean Paul Gaultier, who often incorporates historical elements of dress into his couture collections, created a bridal headdress resembling a bustle crinoline for his FW 2008 collection; perhaps linking the bustle phenomenon of the Victorian age with contemporary bridal culture, which also has roots in the 19th century.